Over the years, PET imaging has shown evidence for abnormalities in the brain dopaminergic system and that clinically useful treatments interact with dopamine receptors in the central nervous system. The dopamine system has since long been of central interest in schizophrenia research. Therefore, although some radiopharmaceuticals have the potential for clinical use in relation to mental disorders, none is actually used in the clinical practice. Moreover, most new radiopharmaceuticals require a new expensive specific module, in a hot cell. The infrastructure required to synthesize radiotracers is still complex, expensive and occupies a large space.Current PET/MRI scanners are extremely expensive, hampering a wide expansion of this technology.Even for processes localized within the amygdala, a part of the limbic system related to fear and anxiety, it is currently not possible to differentiate if they are occurring within the basolateral complex or the central nucleus. The standard PET/CT and the new PET/MRI whole body scanners result in a PET image resolution in the 4–5 mm FWHM range and, therefore, they are not optimized for imaging critical structures of the brain with dimensions of few millimetres. PET scanner resolution does not allow the visualization of brain critical structures.PET scanner sensitivity is still poor, not allowing follow-up studies on the same patient to be safely performed due to the high radioactive dose necessary.Unfortunately, the recent advent of PET/MR has not improved the situation on psychiatric disorders since some limitations of PET technology remain unsolved: However, the utility of PET imaging for the clinical diagnosis of mental disorders is practically limited by: the significant high cost, the complexity of the infrastructure required to generate radiopharmaceuticals and the limited sensitivity and resolution of current scanners. Molecular Imaging (especially PET, Positron Emission Tomography) is an extremely useful technique for understanding the pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia and severe depression and it has helped developing the most recent generation of effective drugs. MRI and fMRI have been shown to differentiate diagnosed schizophrenia from healthy controls only on a statistical basis within a population sample but not on individual basis. A significant reduction in TSPO binding has been found in gray matter in a small sample of drug-naïve, first episode psychosis patients, suggesting a reduced number or an altered function of immune cells in brain at early stage schizophrenia.Ĭurrently, the two main functional imaging modalities, functional MRI (fMRI) and Molecular Imaging (MI), cannot be used to clinically diagnose schizophrenia nor depression, two major mental disorders, for a variety of reasons. It has been shown that 11C-raclopride has higher binding potential in a new VAAT null mutant mouse model of schizophrenia compared to wild type control animals. A cost-effective and simple method of radiopharmaceutical production from 11C-carbon monoxide and a mini-clean room has been demonstrated. The achieved spatial resolution, close to 1 mm, will enable differentiation of relevant brain structures for schizophrenia. Preliminary measurements from the PET scanner show sensitivity 3 times higher than state-of-the-art PET systems that will allow safe repeated studies on the same patient. It consists of a high sensitivity and high resolution PET scanner integrated in a novel, head-dedicated, radio frequency coil for a 3T MRI scanner. An innovative imaging system for the human brain examination, allowing simultaneous acquisition of PET/MRI images, has been designed and constructed. MindView.We present the first results of the MINDVIEW project.
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